After studying the natural world of shepherds, you can appreciate the ways in which ancient civilizations used pastoral imagery to reflect ideas of nations and their kings/leaders. Shepherd language was used for a variety of gods and goddesses in diverse literary context throughout history with clear references to compassionate rulers/leadership, generous provision and able protection. Shepherd deities were responsible for the promotion and maintenance of both physical life and social order. The image of god troubled by the affairs of the people led to hymns with portrayed personal emphasis. The idea of a caring and personal divine shepherd was even before the Israelites experienced God’s complete care in the deserts or Sinai. Kings represented themselves as accountable to the gods for their rule. Herding imagery was especially useful for criticizing royalty when there was evidence of neglect. Greek writers saw themselves in a universe overseen by shepherd deities. Ancient sources describe a country of peoples a flock experiencing plenty of green pastures.